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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

$Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing$

Synthesis and Operation of Fluorescent-core Microcavities for Refractometric Sensing

Published on: March 13, 2013

Chloride selective calix[4]arene optical sensor combining urea functionality with pyrene excimer transduction.

Benjamin Schazmann¹, Nameer Alhashimy, Dermot Diamond

¹Adaptive Sensors Group, National Centre for Sensor Research, School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|June 29, 2006

Summary

A novel chloride selective sensor (3) was developed using a calixarene scaffold. This sensor exhibits ratiometric fluorescent signaling, selectively detecting chloride ions with high sensitivity and rapid response times.

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Area of Science:

Supramolecular Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Calix[4]arene derivatives offer preorganized scaffolds for molecular recognition.
Pyrene moieties provide fluorescent signaling capabilities.
Urea functional groups are effective hydrogen bond donors for anion binding.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a neutral, chloride-selective sensor based on a 1,3-alternate tetrasubstituted calix[4]arene.
To integrate urea and pyrene functionalities for ratiometric fluorescent anion sensing.
To evaluate the sensor's performance, including selectivity, sensitivity, and response time.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of a tetrasubstituted calix[4]arene derivative (3) incorporating urea and pyrene units.
Anion binding studies using fluorescence spectroscopy to assess selectivity and binding constants.
Determination of the limit of detection (LOD) and response time.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for product purification.

Main Results:

The developed compound (3) selectively binds chloride ions.
Chloride coordination triggers a ratiometric fluorescence response (excimer quenching, monomer rise).
The sensor exhibits a high association constant (2.4 x 10(4) M(-1)) for chloride.
A low LOD (8 x 10(-6) M) and fast response time (< 3 s) were achieved.
HPLC facilitated efficient purification of the sensor compound.

Conclusions:

The calixarene-based sensor (3) demonstrates excellent chloride selectivity and sensitivity.
The ratiometric fluorescence mechanism is suitable for practical optical sensor devices.
The developed sensor offers advantages for chloride detection in relevant media.