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Polyunsaturated fatty acids: biotechnology.

Dnyaneshwar Warude1, Kalpana Joshi, Abhay Harsulkar

  • 1Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Pune, Pune 411007, India.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|July 1, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as EPA and DHA, are crucial for health. Research explores alternative sources and genetic engineering of desaturase and elongase enzymes for enhanced production of these vital fatty acids.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Biochemistry

Background:

  • Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are recognized for significant health benefits.
  • Fish oil is the primary commercial source of EPA and DHA, but alternative sources are actively being investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review focuses on the biotechnological potential of desaturase and elongase genes for PUFA production.
  • It highlights research and findings related to these key enzymes in PUFA biosynthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification and cloning of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis pathways.
  • Gene prospecting as a novel strategy for improving PUFA yields.

Main Results:

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  • Desaturase and elongase enzymes are identified as having significant biotechnological appeal for genetic engineering.
  • Research demonstrates the potential of these genes for enhancing PUFA production.

Conclusions:

  • Genetic engineering of desaturase and elongase genes offers a promising avenue for increasing the supply of essential fatty acids.
  • Further research into these enzymes can lead to novel biotechnological solutions for PUFA production beyond traditional sources.