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Related Experiment Videos

Observing responses and informative stimuli.

R N Wilton, R O Clements

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |March 1, 1971
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pigeons learned that specific colors signaled outcomes, increasing their key-pecking behavior. This suggests that stimuli predicting reinforcement probability are inherently reinforcing for pigeons.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Animal cognition

    Background:

    • Pigeons were trained using a trial procedure involving a pecking key.
    • Trials began with a white light, followed by a fixed interval before a peck could change the key's color.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if stimuli predicting reinforcement probability are reinforcing.
    • To examine the effect of correlated versus uncorrelated outcomes on pigeon response rates.

    Main Methods:

    • Pigeons' key-pecking responses were studied under conditions where colors were correlated or uncorrelated with outcomes (reinforcement/nonreinforcement).
    • Response rates were compared across different phases, including when outcomes were contingent on a response and when they were not.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Response rates increased significantly when key colors were correlated with outcomes compared to uncorrelated conditions.
  • When reinforcement was certain (100% of trials), response rates were lower than in correlated, probabilistic reinforcement conditions.

    • Conclusions:

    • Stimuli that provide information about the probability of reinforcement are themselves reinforcing.
    • This finding has implications for understanding learned associations and motivation in animal behavior.