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Conditioned suppression, punishment, and aversion.

D W Orme-Johnson, M Yarczower

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |January 1, 1974
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A visual stimulus paired with non-contingent shocks (conditioned suppression) effectively punished bird behavior. However, a stimulus paired with response-contingent shocks (discriminated punishment) did not acquire aversive properties.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral neuroscience
    • Animal behavior

    Background:

    • Understanding how stimuli acquire aversive properties is crucial for behavioral modification.
    • Previous research suggests that the contingency between a stimulus and an aversive event influences its learned properties.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate whether a visual stimulus acquires aversive properties when paired with shock differently depending on shock contingency.
    • To compare the effectiveness of conditioned suppression versus discriminated punishment in establishing a stimulus as aversive.

    Main Methods:

    • Three experiments utilized pigeons trained on key-pecking schedules.
    • Birds were exposed to either response-contingent shock (discriminated punishment) or non-contingent shock (conditioned suppression) in the presence of a visual stimulus.
    • Response rates were measured to assess the aversive properties of the visual stimulus.

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    Main Results:

    • The visual stimulus acquired punishing properties only in the conditioned suppression procedure (non-contingent shocks).
    • Response-contingent shocks did not lead to a conditioned punishment effect, even when positive reinforcement was absent.
    • Non-contingent shocks produced greater suppression of responding than response-contingent shocks.

    Conclusions:

    • The contingency between the stimulus and the shock is critical for the stimulus to acquire aversive properties.
    • Conditioned suppression is more effective than discriminated punishment in establishing a stimulus as a punisher.
    • These findings highlight the importance of shock-unrelatedness for stimulus-induced aversion.