The effect of physical restraint on behavior under the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule

Previous studies have identified and manipulated collateral behavior to assess the effect of collateral behavior on performance under the differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) schedule. However, conclusions could not be applied to subjects not observed to engage in collateral behavior. The present study used a technique that prevented the occurrence of the types of collateral behavior typically observed in the pigeon. This technique did not require the identification of collateral behavior in the subjects. The exclusion of the types of collateral behavior typically observed in pigeons resulted in higher response rates and lower reinforcement rates under large DRL values but had no effect at lower DRL values. It was concluded that collateral behavior is necessary for low response rates and high reinforcement rates under large DRL values.