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Related Experiment Videos

Clock control of human performance on avoidance and fixed-interval schedules.

A Baron, M Galizio

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |September 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Adding a time-correlated stimulus, or "added clock," improved behavioral efficiency in human subjects by reducing response rates without sacrificing reinforcement. This "added clock" also functioned as a reinforcer itself, especially under avoidance schedules.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Operant conditioning

    Background:

    • Behavioral efficiency is crucial in operant conditioning paradigms.
    • Understanding the role of temporal cues in behavior is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of time-correlated stimuli (added clocks) on human avoidance and fixed-interval performances.
    • To examine the reinforcing properties of added clocks and their relationship with observing responses.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments were conducted with human subjects.
    • Response rates and reinforcement rates were measured under avoidance and fixed-interval schedules.
    • The effect of response-dependent display and duration of the added clock was analyzed.

    Main Results:

    Related Experiment Videos

    • Added clocks improved behavioral efficiency by decreasing response rates without reducing reinforcement.
    • The added clock maintained an observing response, which was weakened by shorter clock durations.
    • Reinforcing properties of the clock were more pronounced in avoidance schedules compared to fixed-interval schedules.

    Conclusions:

    • Added clocks enhance behavioral efficiency and can act as reinforcers.
    • The findings suggest that the reinforcing properties of added clocks are not solely explained by work reduction.
    • Temporal cues provided by the added clock play a significant role in shaping behavior.