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Related Experiment Videos

Duration-reduction of avoidance sessions as negative reinforcement.

M Mellitz, P N Hineline, W G Whitehouse

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |July 1, 1983
    PubMed
    Summary

    Rats demonstrated that behavior is sensitive to session duration, not just immediate outcomes. This finding extends our understanding of avoidance learning and aversive conditioning.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral Psychology
    • Animal Behavior Studies
    • Learning and Conditioning

    Background:

    • Traditional avoidance learning focuses on immediate consequences.
    • The role of overall session structure in aversive conditioning is less understood.
    • Rats were trained on a shock-postponement procedure with two levers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate if rats' behavior is sensitive to session duration changes.
    • To explore the influence of conjoint contingencies on avoidance responding.
    • To examine the impact of session-shortening on lever selection.

    Main Methods:

    • Rats responded on two levers, both postponing shock.
    • One lever was associated with a session-shortening contingency.

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  • Contingencies were reversed multiple times to assess behavioral control.

    • Main Results:

    • Two rats showed clear sensitivity to the session-shortening contingency.
    • Two other rats exhibited less distinct but systematic control by this contingency.
    • One rat's behavior was insensitive to contingency reversals.

    Conclusions:

    • Behavior is sensitive to temporal factors beyond immediate consequences.
    • Avoidance sessions, as a whole, can influence behavior.
    • Aversive conditioning can be interpreted within a broader economic framework.