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Bipolar control in fixed interfood intervals.

W L Palya

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |September 1, 1993
    PubMed
    Summary

    Pigeons learned to produce or remove stimuli associated with food delivery timing. Early interval stimuli acted as negative reinforcers, while later stimuli served as positive reinforcers, showing bipolar control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Animal behavior studies
    • Operant conditioning

    Background:

    • Fixed interfood intervals are crucial in understanding temporal control of behavior.
    • The role of stimuli predicting food availability needs further clarification.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how stimuli correlated with different periods of a fixed interfood interval influence behavior.
    • To determine if these stimuli function as positive or negative reinforcers.
    • To examine the elicitation of directed key pecks by these stimuli.

    Main Methods:

    • Pigeons were trained to produce or remove stimuli linked to specific time intervals.
    • Response rates for stimulus production, removal, and elicited key pecks were recorded.
    • Statistical analysis, including ogive fits, was used to model response distributions.

    Main Results:

    • Stimuli early in the interval functioned as negative reinforcers (removal behavior).
    • Stimuli late in the interval functioned as positive reinforcers (production behavior).
    • Successively later stimuli increased elicited pecking and stimulus production; earlier stimuli increased stimulus removal.

    Conclusions:

    • Fixed interfood intervals establish bipolar control over behavior.
    • Temporal stimuli within an interval can elicit both approach and avoidance behaviors.
    • Behavioral timing is significantly influenced by the predictive properties of interval-associated stimuli.

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