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Within-session changes in responding during several simple schedules.

F K McSweeney, J M Roll, J N Weatherly

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |July 1, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Pigeon key pecking behavior varied within sessions under high reinforcement schedules but not low ones. These findings suggest reinforcement-related factors influence behavioral changes, not just time or attention.

    Area of Science:

    • Behavioral psychology
    • Animal behavior studies
    • Operant conditioning

    Background:

    • Pigeon key pecking is a common model for studying operant conditioning.
    • Understanding within-session response changes is crucial for behavioral analysis.
    • Reinforcement schedules significantly shape animal behavior.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate how different reinforcement schedules affect within-session changes in pigeon key pecking.
    • To determine the factors driving systematic response variations during reinforcement schedules.
    • To evaluate existing explanations for within-session behavioral changes.

    Main Methods:

    • Pigeons were trained on fixed-interval, variable-ratio, and differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedules.
    • Key pecking responses were recorded and analyzed for rate, responses per reinforcer, and pause length.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Behavioral data were compared between high and low reinforcement rate conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Systematic within-session changes in responding occurred under high reinforcement rates across schedules.
    • These changes were less consistent or absent under low reinforcement rates.
    • Variable-ratio schedules showed unique contributing factors not observed in other schedules.

    Conclusions:

    • Factors related to reinforcement play a significant role in within-session behavioral changes.
    • Explanations solely based on time, responding, or attention are insufficient.
    • The mechanisms driving behavioral changes appear similar across schedules but with unique aspects for variable-ratio schedules.