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Related Experiment Videos

Bias in self-evaluation: Signal probability effects.

T S Critchfield

    Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
    |September 1, 1994
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Signal probability influences verbal self-reports, similar to psychophysical judgments. This study found that report bias depends on the frequency of successful events, not just task difficulty or accuracy contingencies.

    Area of Science:

    • Cognitive Psychology
    • Behavioral Science
    • Psychophysics

    Background:

    • Previous studies noted signal probability effects in self-reports.
    • The cause of these effects, whether due to task design or inherent biases, was unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate signal probability effects in verbal self-reports.
    • To determine if these effects are artifacts of experimental design or inherent to self-reporting.

    Main Methods:

    • Two experiments used a delayed matching-to-sample task with young adults.
    • Participants reported success/failure, with signal probability manipulated by task difficulty.
    • Signal-detection analysis was applied to self-reports.

    Main Results:

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    • Self-report bias shifted with signal probability: more bias towards reporting success when success was frequent.
    • This pattern persisted regardless of how task difficulty was manipulated.
    • Contingencies for report accuracy did not systematically alter the bias.

    Conclusions:

    • Apparent signal probability effects in self-reports are likely not artifacts of accuracy contingencies or manipulation methods.
    • Findings support an analogy between self-reports and psychophysical judgments.
    • Signal probability effects demonstrably influence simple self-reports.