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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Estrogen and exercise may be related to body fat distribution and leptin in young women
Jardena J Puder1, Sara E Monaco, Surupa Sen Gupta
1Department of Medicine, University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA. puderj@uhbs.ch
Objective:
To evaluate the effects of estrogen deficiency and exercise on body composition and leptin in young women.
Design:
Cross-sectional clinical study.
Setting:
Volunteers in an academic research environment.
Patient(S):
Three age- and body mass index-matched groups: normal-weight women with exercise-associated amenorrhea, regularly menstruating exercising control women, and regularly menstruating normally active control women.
Intervention(S):
Collection of blood samples and measurement of body fat and regional fat distribution by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Central fat accumulation (i.e., ratio of trunk to extremity fat) and serum concentrations of E(2) and leptin.
Result(S):
In both regularly menstruating control groups, but not in the amenorrheic women, there was a negative correlation between the serum E(2) concentrations and the trunk-to-extremity fat ratio (r = -0.4), independent of age, exercise, body fat, and serum T concentrations. In all women, E(2) concentrations were positively and exercise inversely correlated to leptin concentrations, independent of body fat.
Conclusion(S):
Estradiol level is inversely associated with central fat accumulation only in women with regular menstrual cycles. In all young premenopausal subjects, estrogen secretion influences leptin concentrations independently of body fat.
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