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Related Concept Videos

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution01:25

Drug Distribution: Volume of Distribution

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The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
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F Distribution01:19

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The F distribution was named after Sir Ronald Fisher, an English statistician. The F statistic is a ratio (a fraction) with two sets of degrees of freedom; one for the numerator and one for the denominator. The F distribution is derived from the Student's t distribution. The values of the F distribution are squares of the corresponding values of the t distribution. One-Way ANOVA expands the t test for comparing more than two groups. The scope of that derivation is beyond the level of this...
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Distributed Loads01:19

Distributed Loads

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Distributed loads are a common type of load that engineers and scientists encounter in various practical situations. Distributed loads often refer to a type of load spread over a surface or a structure and can be modeled as continuous force per unit area.
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Volume of Distribution01:20

Volume of Distribution

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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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Uniform Distribution01:19

Uniform Distribution

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The uniform distribution is a continuous probability distribution of events with an equal probability of occurrence. This distribution is rectangular.
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Normal Distribution01:11

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The normal, a continuous distribution, is the most important of all the distributions. Its graph is a bell-shaped symmetrical curve, which is observed in almost all disciplines. Some of these include psychology, business, economics, the sciences, nursing, and, of course, mathematics. Some instructors may use the normal distribution to help determine students’ grades. Most IQ scores are normally distributed. Often real-estate prices fit a normal distribution. The normal distribution is...
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Enucleation of the Prostate for the Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Using a 980 nm Diode Laser
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Nerve distribution along the prostatic capsule.

Christian Eichelberg1, Andreas Erbersdobler, Uwe Michl

  • 1Department of Urology, University Hospital Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. c.eichelberg@uke.uni-hamburg.de

European Urology
|July 4, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A significant portion of nerves are located ventrally on the prostate, not just rectolaterally. This finding suggests modifying surgical techniques to improve nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Anatomy
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The neurovascular bundle (NVB) is crucial for erectile function.
  • Traditionally, the NVB is believed to be located solely on the rectolateral aspects of the prostate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the precise distribution pattern of nerves along the prostatic capsule.
  • To challenge the assumption of a strictly rectolateral NVB course.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopic analysis of 186 prostatic sections from 31 patients undergoing non-nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.
  • Systematic counting of nerves and ganglia in 12 numbered sectors of the prostatic capsule and periprostatic tissue.

Main Results:

  • The majority of nerves were found in the rectolateral sectors (4/5 and 8/9 o'clock), consistent with the assumed NVB location.
  • A substantial proportion of nerves (21.5%-28.5%) were identified in sectors superior to the horizontal midline, indicating a ventral distribution.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 1/5 to 1/4 of prostatic nerves are located along the ventral circumference.
  • Surgical techniques for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy should be modified to include a higher incision on the ventral prostate to maximize nerve preservation.