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Decrease in circulating myeloid dendritic cell precursors in coronary artery disease.

Atilla Yilmaz1, Jana Weber, Iwona Cicha

  • 1Medical Clinic II, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany. A.Yilmaz.med2.uni-erlangen@email.de

Journal of the American College of Cardiology
|July 4, 2006
PubMed
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Circulating myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) precursors decrease in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, correlating with inflammation. These mDC precursors are found in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, suggesting recruitment from the blood.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial immune cells.
  • Reduced circulating DC precursors are noted in autoimmune diseases.
  • Atherosclerosis shares autoimmune features, with DCs potentially activating T cells against autoantigens in plaques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) precursors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
  • To examine the presence of mDC and pDC precursors in atherosclerotic carotid plaques from patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD).

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify circulating mDC and pDC precursors in healthy controls and CAD patients (stable angina, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Immunohistochemistry identified mDC and pDC precursors within human carotid plaques.

    • Main Results:

    • Circulating mDC precursors were significantly reduced in CAD patients across all disease severities compared to controls.
    • Reduced mDC precursor levels inversely correlated with inflammatory markers like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6.
    • mDC precursors were significantly more abundant in vulnerable carotid plaques than in stable ones, while pDC precursor numbers showed no significant alteration.

    Conclusions:

    • Circulating mDC precursor reduction in CAD patients mirrors findings in autoimmune diseases.
    • The increased presence of mDC precursors in vulnerable plaques suggests their migration from blood to atheromata, explaining the peripheral decrease.
    • Circulating pDC precursors did not show a significant association with atherosclerosis.