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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo
Published on: September 18, 2014
CpG motifs to modulate innate and adaptive immune responses
Abstract:
The vertebrate adaptive and innate immune systems have evolved to protect the host from pathogen infections. To achieve this mission, the innate immune system developed particular receptors, termed "pattern recognition receptors" (PRRs). These PRRs selectively bind certain types of structures expressed by pathogens but in principal absent in vertebrates. One of the best understood receptors is the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 that recognizes CpG sequence motifs in bacterial and viral DNA. Different classes of short synthetic phosphorothioate-stabilized CpG oligodeoxynucleotides were developed and are currently in human clinical trials in the fields of infectious disease, cancer, and asthma/allergy.
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