Nonspecific desensitization, functional memory, and the characteristics of SHIP phosphorylation following IgE-mediated stimulation of human basophils

Previous studies of secretion from basophils have demonstrated the phenomenon called nonspecific desensitization, the ability of one IgE-mediated stimulus to alter the cell's response to other non-cross-reacting IgE-mediated stimuli, and a process that would modify phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-phosphate levels was speculated to be responsible for nonspecific desensitization. The current studies examined the changes and characteristics of SHIP1 phosphorylation as a measure of SHIP1 participation in the reaction. Based on the earlier studies, two predictions were made that were not observed. First, the kinetics of SHIP1 phosphorylation were similar to reaction kinetics of other early signals and returned to resting levels while nonspecific desensitization remained. Second, in contrast to an expected exaggerated SHIP phosphorylation, cells in a state of nonspecific desensitization showed reduced SHIP phosphorylation (compared with cells not previously exposed to a non-cross-reacting Ag). Discordant with expectations concerning partial recovery from nonspecific desensitization, treatment of cells with DNP-lysine to dissociate bound DNP-HSA, either enhanced or had no effect on SHIP phosphorylation following a second Ag. These experiments also showed a form of desensitization that persisted despite dissociation of the desensitizing Ag. Recent studies and the results of these studies suggest that loss of early signaling components like syk kinase may account for some of the effects of nonspecific desensitization and result in a form of immunological memory of prior stimulation. Taken together, the various characteristics of SHIP phosphorylation were not consistent with expectations for a signaling element involved in nonspecific desensitization, but instead one which itself undergoes nonspecific desensitization.