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Getting a grip on strangles: recent progress towards improved diagnostics and vaccines.

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Strangles, a common horse disease caused by Streptococcus equi, is being better understood. Research focuses on persistent infections, transmission, and developing new vaccines for this significant equine pathogen.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Strangles, caused by Streptococcus equi, is a prevalent and impactful infectious disease in horses globally.
  • Persistent infections play a crucial role in the transmission dynamics of strangles.
  • Significant advancements are being made in the development of preventative vaccines against strangles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis and pathogenesis of strangles.
  • To highlight the importance of persistent infections in disease transmission.
  • To discuss progress in developing effective preventative vaccines for strangles.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of recent sequence data from the N-terminal region of the SeM protein.
  • Utilizing the online database http://pubmlst.org/szooepidemicus/seM/ for SeM allele reassignment.
  • Reviewing current literature on strangles pathogenesis, diagnosis, and vaccine development.

Main Results:

  • The SeM protein's N-terminal region offers a basis for reassigning SeM alleles.
  • Hypotheses regarding the origin of SeM variation and its epidemiological application are proposed.
  • Understanding the molecular evolution of S. equi reveals the role of phage-mediated virulence factor acquisition.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding Streptococcus equi's molecular evolution offer new prophylactic strategies.
  • Exploiting SeM protein variation may aid in the epidemiological analysis of strangles outbreaks.
  • Continued research into pathogenesis and molecular evolution is key to controlling strangles.