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Irreversibility time scale.

G Gallavotti1

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica, I.N.F.N.-Sezione di Roma, 00185 Roma, Italy.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new entropy creation rate is introduced for systems interacting with thermostats, with a fluctuation theorem proved for it. This allows defining a time scale for irreversibility in nonequilibrium processes, demonstrated with gas expansion examples.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Understanding entropy production is crucial for non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • Fluctuation theorems provide insights into the statistical behavior of entropy in small systems.
  • Characterizing the time scale of irreversibility is key to analyzing dynamic processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce a novel entropy creation rate for systems coupled to thermostats.
  • Prove a fluctuation theorem applicable to this entropy creation rate.
  • Define and evaluate a characteristic time scale for the emergence of irreversibility.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a theoretical framework for entropy creation rate.
  • Mathematical proof of a fluctuation theorem for the defined rate.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Application of the framework to analyze specific mechanical systems, including gas expansion.

    • Main Results:

    • A rigorous definition of entropy creation rate for systems interacting with thermostats.
    • Demonstration of a fluctuation theorem governing this rate.
    • Introduction of a time scale quantifying the onset of irreversibility in non-equilibrium processes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed entropy creation rate and its fluctuation theorem offer a new perspective on non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
    • The derived time scale provides a quantitative measure for irreversibility.
    • The framework is applicable to various physical systems, offering insights into their dynamic behavior.