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Related Concept Videos

Bone Structure01:55

Bone Structure

Within the skeletal system, the structure of a bone, or osseous tissue, can be exemplified in a long bone, like the femur, where there are two types of osseous tissue: cortical and cancellous.
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Spongy Bone01:09

Spongy Bone

All bones comprise an outer layer of compact bone, and an interior made up of spongy bone tissue, also called cancellous or trabecular bone. In long bones, spongy bone tissue is mainly found in the interior of the epiphyses (broad ends of the bone).
Spongy bone is more porous, and less dense compared to compact bone. It is composed of concentric lamellae that are arranged irregularly to form the trabecular network. In some bones, the spaces between trabeculae contain red marrow, where...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
07:56

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts

Published on: January 29, 2018

Bone density, geometry, and fracture in elderly men.

Pawel Szulc1

  • 1INSERM 403 Research Unit, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Pavillon F, Place d'Arsonval, 69437 Lyon, France. szulc@lyon.inserm.fr

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Bone width, not just bone mineral density, is crucial for predicting fracture risk in elderly men. Assessing bone geometry can significantly improve fracture prediction, especially for stress and hip fractures.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics and Bone Health
  • Biomechanics
  • Geriatric Medicine

Background:

  • Bone geometry significantly influences bone mechanical resistance and fracture risk.
  • Vertebral strength relies on vertebral body cross-sectional area and posterior arch size.
  • Specific bone dimensions like femoral neck axis length and neck-shaft angle correlate with hip fracture risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the role of bone geometry, specifically bone width, as a predictor of fracture risk in elderly men.
  • To compare the predictive value of bone width against areal bone mineral density (aBMD) for osteoporotic fractures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of bone geometry parameters including bone width, femoral neck axis length, and neck-shaft angle.
  • Assessment of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as a comparative measure.

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  • Statistical evaluation of these parameters in relation to fracture risk in elderly men.

    • Main Results:

    • Smaller bone width is linked to an increased risk of stress fractures.
    • A longer femoral neck axis and a more open neck-shaft angle are associated with higher cervical hip fracture risk.
    • Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) is insufficient for identifying elderly men at high fracture risk, with bone width emerging as an independent predictor.

    Conclusions:

    • Bone width is a critical, independent predictor of fracture risk in elderly men.
    • Incorporating bone width assessment into evaluations can enhance the prediction of fractures in this demographic.
    • Current aBMD measures alone are inadequate for comprehensive fracture risk assessment in elderly men.