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Does kangaroo mother care save lives?

R C Pattinson1, A-M Bergh, A F Malan

  • 1MRC Maternal and Infant Health Care Strategies Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa. rcpattin@kalafong.up.ac.za

Journal of Tropical Pediatrics
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
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Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) significantly reduced neonatal deaths in South African hospitals. This practice, for infants weighing 1000-1999g, showed a notable decrease in mortality rates post-implementation.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal care
  • Public health initiatives
  • Perinatal epidemiology

Background:

  • Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a recognized method for improving outcomes in preterm and low-birth-weight infants.
  • The Perinatal Problem Identification Programme (PPIP) in South Africa monitors perinatal data to identify areas for improvement.
  • Assessing the impact of KMC implementation within the PPIP framework is crucial for evidence-based healthcare policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of introducing Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in South African hospitals on neonatal mortality rates.
  • To determine if KMC implementation correlates with a reduction in deaths among infants weighing 1000-1999g.
  • To analyze PPIP data in conjunction with KMC adoption timelines.

Main Methods:

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  • A survey was conducted among PPIP sentinel sites in South Africa to ascertain KMC implementation status and initiation dates.
  • National PPIP database records of live births and neonatal deaths for infants weighing 1000-1999g were obtained.
  • Data were analyzed for periods before and after KMC introduction in participating hospitals.

    • Main Results:

    • Neonatal death rates (NNDR) decreased from 88.14/1000 live births in hospitals without KMC or before its introduction to 71.43/1000 live births after KMC implementation (RR 0.81).
    • In 11 hospitals with data from both periods, NNDR dropped from 87.72/1000 live births before KMC to 60.76/1000 live births after KMC introduction (RR 0.62).
    • A significant reduction in NNDR for neonates weighing 1000-1999g was strongly associated with the introduction of KMC.

    Conclusions:

    • The introduction of Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) in South African hospitals is associated with a substantial decrease in neonatal mortality.
    • KMC is an effective intervention for improving survival rates in vulnerable neonates, particularly those weighing 1000-1999g.
    • Continued implementation and monitoring of KMC within national perinatal programs like PPIP are recommended.