Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 7, 2026

Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Infection
Published on: September 1, 2023
How bacteria and their products provide clues to vaccine and adjuvant development
Gordon Dougan1, Carlos Hormaeche
1The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, The Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK. gd1@sanger.ac.uk
Abstract:
Evidence has emerged that both vertebrates and invertebrates share innate immune pathways involved in the recognition of and the response to micro-organisms, including bacteria and their products. As a consequence, particular degenerate products of bacteria can stimulate and modulate immune responses and influence acquired immunity and, potentially, protection against disease. New knowledge in this field is beginning to explain how vaccine adjuvants work and will facilitate the future development of novel adjuvants and vaccines.
Related Concept Videos
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
Vaccine Production
Vaccinations
Vaccines
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Determinants of Bacterial Pathogenicity and Virulence

