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Related Experiment Videos

Human virus-specific CD8+ T cells: diversity specialists.

Ester M M van Leeuwen1, Godelieve J de Bree, Ineke J M ten Berge

  • 1Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Immunological Reviews
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Human CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses vary significantly. Some T cells rely on cytokines like interleukin-7 (IL-7) for survival, while others, particularly those targeting latent viruses like cytomegalovirus (CMV), require viral antigens.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Human CD8+ T-cell responses to viral infections exhibit significant functional diversity.
  • This functional variation impacts T-cell expansion, migration, maintenance, and effector functions, potentially reflecting immune system adaptations to specific pathogens.
  • Understanding these divergent responses is crucial for developing effective immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functional diversity of human CD8+ T-cell responses to viruses.
  • To explore the distinct mechanisms governing the maintenance of T cells specific for cleared versus persistent viruses.
  • To discuss the role of functionally diverse CD8+ T cells in immunity against persistent viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal follow-up of individuals post-primary viral infection.

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  • Analysis of T-cell homeostatic maintenance mechanisms, including cytokine and antigen dependence.
  • Characterization of T-cell effector properties, particularly in the context of latent herpesviruses like Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV).

    • Main Results:

    • Virus-specific CD8+ T cells develop divergently from initial effector pools.
    • T cells targeting cleared viruses often depend on interleukin-7 (IL-7) for homeostatic maintenance.
    • T cells targeting latent viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV), frequently lack IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) and require viral antigens for persistence.
    • Cytomegalovirus (CMV) uniquely generates a large population of resting CD8+ T cells with constitutive cytolytic function.

    Conclusions:

    • Functional diversity in CD8+ T-cell responses is a key feature of human antiviral immunity.
    • Distinct mechanisms regulate the survival of T cells specific for cleared versus persistent viruses.
    • The unique properties of CMV-induced T cells may play a significant role in controlling persistent viral infections.