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Static susceptibility effects in balanced SSFP sequences.

Carl Ganter1

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. cganter@roe.med.tum.de

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
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Balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) MRI signals exhibit spin echo-like behavior with low phase variations. Higher variations shift signal characteristics towards gradient echo behavior, influenced by field inhomogeneities.

Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) sequences are crucial in MRI.
  • Understanding signal behavior under field inhomogeneities is vital for image quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the steady-state signal behavior of b-SSFP sequences in the presence of magnetic field inhomogeneities.
  • To characterize the transition between spin echo (SE) and gradient echo (GRE) signal behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical modeling using rapidly convergent series.
  • Analysis of the characteristic function of susceptibility-related phase variations.
  • Investigation of signal behavior as a function of intravoxel phase standard deviation (sigma) and off-resonance frequencies.

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Main Results:

  • The steady-state signal can be expressed via a series involving phase variations.
  • At low sigma (≤ 1 radian), the signal resembles a spin echo (SE) with quadratic decay dependent on sigma, not T'2.
  • At higher sigma, the signal transitions to gradient echo (GRE)-like behavior (FID).
  • Increased off-resonance reduces the SE regime's width.

Conclusions:

  • The intravoxel phase variation significantly dictates b-SSFP signal characteristics.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding b-SSFP signal behavior in realistic, inhomogeneous magnetic fields.
  • This has implications for optimizing b-SSFP pulse sequences and interpreting images in challenging environments.