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Diabetes mellitus.

Intekhab Ahmed1, Barry Goldstein

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA. intekhab.ahmed@jefferson.edu

Clinics in Dermatology
|July 11, 2006
PubMed
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Dermatologic problems affect about 30% of diabetes patients, presenting as autoimmune or infectious conditions. Tight blood glucose control is essential for managing these common skin issues in diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dermatologic problems are prevalent in diabetes, affecting up to 30% of patients.
  • Skin manifestations can precede, coincide with, or follow a diabetes diagnosis.
  • These manifestations can be autoimmune (e.g., acanthosis nigricans) or infectious (e.g., erysipelas).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the spectrum of dermatologic manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and management of various skin conditions in diabetic patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of glycemic control in managing diabetes-related skin issues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of dermatologic manifestations in diabetes.
  • Analysis of autoimmune and infectious skin conditions linked to diabetes.

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  • Discussion of pharmacologic effects on skin, including insulin injection site reactions.

    • Main Results:

    • Common autoimmune skin conditions include diabetic dermopathy, necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, scleredema, and acanthosis nigricans.
    • Infectious skin conditions such as erysipelas, mucormycosis, and necrotizing fasciitis are also observed.
    • Pharmacologic treatments for diabetes can induce skin changes like lipoatrophy and lipohypertrophy.

    Conclusions:

    • Management of skin conditions in diabetes requires addressing the underlying pathophysiology.
    • Tight glycemic control is a fundamental prerequisite for effective management of all diabetes-related dermatologic issues.
    • Early recognition and appropriate treatment of skin manifestations are crucial for patient well-being.