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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminology
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Limited research exists on suicide rates among individuals recently released from prison.
  • Suicide in custody is a known issue, but post-release risks require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate suicide rates in England and Wales for individuals within one year of prison release.
  • To compare suicide risks in recently released prisoners against the general population.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based cohort study utilizing data from the National Confidential Inquiry into Suicide and Homicide by People with Mental Illness.
  • Linking suicide and open verdict records (2000-2002) to a Home Office register of released prisoners.
  • Calculating indirectly age-standardised mortality ratios to compare rates between groups.

Main Results:

  • 382 suicides were identified among 244,988 individuals within one year of release, yielding a rate of 156 per 100,000 person-years.
  • A significant proportion (21%) of suicides occurred within 28 days of release.
  • Suicide rates were substantially higher in recently released prisoners (men: 8.3, women: 35.8) compared to the general population.

Conclusions:

  • Recently released prisoners exhibit a markedly elevated risk of suicide, especially in the initial weeks after release.
  • The suicide risk for this group is comparable to that of discharged psychiatric patients.
  • Collaborative efforts between prison, probation, health, and social services are crucial for developing effective support systems.