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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors01:22

Pathophysiology of Peptic Ulcer Disease: Injurious Factors

Peptic ulcers are sores on the stomach's inner lining and the upper small intestine, which are the result of disruptions in the mucosal layer that houses parietal cells which produce gastric acid, and chief cells which secrete pepsinogen.
In the antrum region, G cells secrete the gastrin hormone that binds to gastrin-cholecystokinin-B (CCK2) receptors on parietal and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells in the fundic glands. Simultaneously, the vagus nerve releases acetylcholine, which binds to M3...
Hormones Secreted by the Stomach01:25

Hormones Secreted by the Stomach

Enteroendocrine cells, accounting for only 1% of stomach epithelial cells, play a significant role in digestion and are classified by their digestive hormone secretions.
Each of these hormones secreted by different enteroendocrine cells plays a unique role in digestion. Here are a few examples:
Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types01:27

Gastritis-I: Introduction and Types

Gastritis, defined by the inflammation or irritation of the stomach lining or gastric mucosa, manifests in several distinct forms: acute, chronic, reactive, and a specific subtype known as autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis.
Acute gastritis presents as a sudden inflammation triggered by various stressors to the stomach lining, such as exposure to corrosive agents, local irritants like aspirin and other NSAIDs, alcohol consumption, radiation therapy, physical trauma, severe burns, sepsis,...
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Gastritis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Gastritis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of gastritis begins with the colonization of the stomach lining by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). This bacterium spreads mainly via the oral-oral route through saliva or shared utensils, and can also be transmitted in overcrowded or unhygienic environments through contaminated water, despite its brief survival outside the body.ColonizationOnce ingested, H. pylori enters the stomach and begins colonization by navigating through the mucus layer lining the stomach wall. It...

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Related Experiment Video

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Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development
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Published on: April 29, 2015

Antral gastrin cell hyperfunction in children. A functional and immunocytochemical report.

B Annibale1, M Bonamico, G Rindi

  • 1I Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, Università degli Studi La Sapienza, Rome, Italy.

Gastroenterology
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Antral gastrin cell hyperfunction, a rare condition, can cause bleeding or abdominal pain in children. Diagnosis is crucial as it may present without peptic ulcers.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Antral gastrin cell hyperfunction is a rare endocrine disorder.
  • Its clinical presentation and functional characteristics in children are not well-documented.

Observation:

  • Two pediatric cases presented with melena and abdominal pain, respectively, without peptic ulceration.
  • Elevated basal and postprandial gastrin levels indicated gastrin cell hyperfunction.
  • Acid hypersecretion was confirmed via basal and pentagastrin-stimulated testing.

Findings:

  • Gastrin cell counts were normal, but somatostatin D cell numbers were significantly reduced.
  • These findings confirm the biological impact of sustained hypergastrinemia in affected children.

Implications:

  • Highlights the importance of diagnosing antral gastrin cell hyperfunction in pediatric patients.
  • Undiagnosed cases may lead to severe complications like bleeding or nonspecific abdominal symptoms.