Surgery for thoracic disc disease. Complication avoidance: overview and management

The operative approach for discectomy in the treatment of thoracic disc disease has changed from standard laminectomy to a variety of dorsolateral and ventral approaches. The procedure-related complications have been reported in numerous clinical studies over the last seven decades: death, neurological deterioration, postoperative vertebral column instability, incomplete disc resection, cerebrospinal fluid leak and fistula, infection, misdiagnosis, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and intercostal neuralgia. The authors conducted a Medline search to identify series reporting clinical data related to thoracic discectomy. They analyzed the morbidity and mortality resulting from the various surgical approaches for thoracic disc disease, with special attention to the avoidance and management of surgery-related complications.