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Related Concept Videos

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
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The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...

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Full Endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Paracentral L5-S1 Disc Herniation
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Surgery for thoracic disc disease. Complication avoidance: overview and management.

W E McCormick1, S F Will, E C Benzel

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.

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Surgical approaches for thoracic disc disease have evolved, but complications like neurological issues and infections remain a concern. This review analyzes morbidity and mortality to guide complication management.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Spinal Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • The surgical treatment of thoracic disc disease has shifted from laminectomy to diverse dorsolateral and ventral techniques.
  • Numerous complications associated with thoracic discectomy have been documented over seven decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the morbidity and mortality associated with different surgical approaches for thoracic disc disease.
  • To highlight the avoidance and management strategies for surgery-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • A Medline search was performed to identify clinical studies reporting data on thoracic discectomy.
  • Analysis focused on complications, morbidity, and mortality across various surgical techniques.

Main Results:

  • Common complications include neurological deterioration, vertebral instability, CSF leaks, infection, and pulmonary issues.
  • The choice of surgical approach impacts the spectrum and frequency of potential complications.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding and managing the risks associated with thoracic discectomy approaches is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Further research into optimizing surgical techniques and minimizing complications is warranted.