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Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:37

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling constants depend...
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation01:11

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Halogenation

Benzylic halogenation takes place under conditions that favor radical reactions such as heat, light, or a free radical initiator like peroxide.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation01:01

Ketones with Nonenolizable Aromatic Aldehydes: Claisen–Schmidt Condensation

Benzaldehyde, like formaldehyde, lacks an α hydrogen and cannot enolize to form an enolate. Hence, the reaction of benzaldehyde with a ketone in the presence of an aqueous base forms a single crossed product. This reaction is referred to as Claisen–Schmidt condensation.
As the self-condensation of ketones is generally not favored in basic conditions, the self-condensed products do not form in the reaction between ketones and benzaldehyde. The general reaction of Claisen–Schmidt condensation is...

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Synthesis of Indoxyl-glycosides for Detection of Glycosidase Activities
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Published on: May 27, 2015

Final report on the safety assessment of benzaldehyde.

Alan Andersen1

  • 1Cosmetic Ingredient Review, Washington, DC 20036, USA.

International Journal of Toxicology
|July 13, 2006
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Benzaldehyde is a cosmetic ingredient metabolized to benzoic acid, showing low toxicity and no significant risk at typical cosmetic concentrations. Further safety is supported by benzoic acid data, indicating its safe use in products.

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Published on: August 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic Science
  • Toxicology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Benzaldehyde is an aromatic aldehyde used in cosmetics for fragrance and flavoring.
  • It is Generally Regarded As Safe (GRAS) in the US and accepted in the EU as a flavoring substance.
  • Benzaldehyde is rapidly metabolized to benzoic acid in the skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety of Benzaldehyde in cosmetic products.
  • To evaluate dermal irritation, sensitization, and systemic toxicity.
  • To determine carcinogenic risk at cosmetic use concentrations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing toxicological data, including LD50, NOAEL, irritation, sensitization, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity studies.
  • Consideration of data from its metabolite, benzoic acid.
  • Evaluation of National Toxicology Program findings.

Main Results:

  • Benzaldehyde exhibits low acute oral and intraperitoneal toxicity.
  • It can cause ocular and nasal irritation upon inhalation at higher concentrations.
  • While some genotoxicity was observed in vitro, it is not considered a carcinogenic risk in cosmetics.
  • No reproductive or developmental toxicity was noted at non-maternally toxic doses.

Conclusions:

  • Benzaldehyde is safe for use in cosmetic products at current concentrations.
  • Dermal and UV data from benzoic acid support Benzaldehyde's safety profile.
  • Limited irritation and sensitization data for Benzaldehyde are supplemented by benzoic acid studies.