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Hypothalamic hormones in milk.

Y Koch1, H Werner, M Fridkin

  • 1Department of Hormone Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Endocrine Regulations
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
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Milk contains biologically active somatostatin (SS), primarily the SS-14 form, which inhibits growth hormone release. This neuropeptide is likely concentrated from blood, not synthesized by the mammary gland, and may be absorbed intact by neonates.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Lactation Biology
  • Neuropeptide Research

Background:

  • Somatostatin (SS) is a neuropeptide with diverse physiological roles.
  • The presence and origin of SS in milk are not fully understood.
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is another neuropeptide found in various tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the presence and biological activity of somatostatin in milk.
  • To determine if mammary glands synthesize somatostatin or vasoactive intestinal peptide.
  • To assess the stability and potential absorption of somatostatin in neonatal rat stomachs.

Main Methods:

  • Multistep extraction and fractionation of sheep and human milk.
  • High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of milk somatostatin.

Related Experiment Videos

  • In vitro bioassays using cultured rat pituitary cells.
  • Detection of messenger RNA (mRNA) for somatostatin and VIP in rat mammary glands using hybridization techniques.
  • Oral administration of labeled somatostatin to neonatal rats followed by stomach content analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Immunoreactive and biologically active somatostatin (SS-14-like) was identified in sheep and human milk.
    • Purified sheep milk somatostatin inhibited growth hormone release from rat pituitary cells in a dose-dependent manner.
    • No messenger RNA for somatostatin or VIP was detected in the rat mammary gland, unlike alpha-casein.
    • Approximately 95% of orally administered somatostatin remained intact in the stomach of neonatal rats one hour post-administration.

    Conclusions:

    • Milk contains biologically active somatostatin, predominantly the SS-14 form, which can inhibit growth hormone release.
    • The mammary gland does not appear to synthesize somatostatin or VIP; these peptides are likely concentrated from the bloodstream.
    • Somatostatin remains intact in the neonatal rat stomach, suggesting potential absorption in a biologically active form.