Palmitate turnover and its response to glucose infusion in weight-losing cancer patients

Palmitate turnover in weight-stable control subjects (n = 4) and weight-losing patients with progressive malignant disease (n = 4) has been determined. Measurements were made after an overnight fast and during glucose infusion (3.5 mg/kg/min). Turnover rates were calculated from plateau isotopic enrichment of palmitate in plasma during a continuous infusion of 1-13C palmitate. Palmitate turnover was higher in the cancer group before (180%) and during glucose loading (170%) compared with the control group. Palmitate turnover was reduced during glucose administration by approximately 34% in both groups. Plasma concentration of insulin was decreased and of cortisol was increased in the cancer group compared with the control group before and during glucose infusion. We conclude that cancer patients with weight loss have increased rates of fatty acid turnover indicative of enhanced mobilisation of body fat stores. Altered plasma concentrations of insulin and cortisol may mediate this effect. Nonetheless, even at more advanced stages of cachexia cancer patients have normal control mechanisms for inhibiting fatty acid turnover following administration of carbohydrate.