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Related Experiment Videos

Homeoboxes in cnidarians.

B Schierwater1, M Murtha, M Dick

  • 1Department of Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511.

The Journal of Experimental Zoology
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered the first homeoboxes in cnidarians, basal animals. These homeoboxes, specifically Antennapedia (Antp) class, were found in hydroids, offering insights into early animal evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Homeoboxes are crucial developmental genes found across diverse animal phyla.
  • Cnidarians represent a basal lineage of diploblastic animals, offering insights into early metazoan evolution.
  • Previous studies documented homeoboxes in triploblastic, coelomate, and pseudocoelomate animals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the first identification of homeoboxes in cnidarians.
  • To investigate the phylogenetic position of cnidarian homeoboxes within the Antennapedia (Antp) class.

Main Methods:

  • Sequencing of partial Antennapedia (Antp) class homeobox gene fragments.
  • Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony to construct a gene tree.
  • Comparative analysis of nucleotide and derived amino acid sequences.

Main Results:

  • Identified three partial homeobox fragments from the hydroids Hydractinia symbiolongicarpus and Eleutheria dichotoma.
  • Two fragments (Cnox-2-Hs and Cnox-2-Ed) exhibited identical derived amino acid sequences despite differing nucleotide sequences.
  • Phylogenetic analysis placed Cnox-2 fragments within the Antp homeobox lineage, and Cnox-1 as a sister group.

Conclusions:

  • Cnidarians possess homeoboxes belonging to the Antennapedia (Antp) class.
  • The presence of Antp-class homeoboxes in cnidarians supports their basal position in metazoan phylogeny.
  • This discovery expands the known distribution of homeobox genes in the animal kingdom.

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