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Updated: Aug 7, 2026

En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos
Published on: July 27, 2022
Planar cell polarity and vertebrate organogenesis
Courtney Karner1, Keith A Wharton, Thomas J Carroll
1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, 75390, USA.
Abstract:
In addition to being polarized along their apical/basal axis, cells composing most (if not all) organs are also polarized in a plane vertical to the A/B axis. Recent studies indicate that this so-called planar cell polarity (PCP) plays an essential role in the formation of multiple organ systems regulating directed cell migrations, polarized cell division and proper differentiation. In this review we will discuss the molecular mechanisms regulating PCP, including the hypothesized roles for Wnt ligands in this process, and its roles in vertebrate organogenesis.
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