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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

A Guide to Production, Crystallization, and Structure Determination of Human IKK1/α
Published on: November 2, 2018
IKK-i/IKKepsilon controls constitutive, cancer cell-associated NF-kappaB activity via regulation of Ser-536 p65/RelA
Mazhar Adli1, Albert S Baldwin
1Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
Abstract:
Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) has been studied extensively as an inducible transcriptional regulator of the immune and inflammatory response. NF-kappaB activation downstream of lipopolysaccharide or cytokine stimulation is controlled by the IkappaB kinase complex, which contains IKKalpha and IKKbeta. Significantly, the constitutive activity of NF-kappaB has been implicated as an important aspect of many cancer cells, but mechanisms associated with this activity are poorly understood. An inducible kinase, IKK-i/IKKepsilon, related to the catalytic forms of the IkappaB kinase, has been studied as an anti-viral, innate immune regulator through its ability to control the activity of the transcription factors IRF-3 and IRF-7. Here, we demonstrate that IKK-i/IKKepsilon is expressed in a number of cancer cells and is involved in regulating NF-kappaB activity through its ability to control basal/constitutive, but not cytokine-induced, p65/RelA phosphorylation at Ser-536, a modification proposed to contribute to the transactivation function of NF-kappaB. Knockdown of IKK-i/IKKepsilon or expression of a S536A mutant form of p65 suppresses HeLa cell proliferation. The data indicate a role for IKK-i/IKKepsilon in controlling proliferation of certain cancer cells through regulation of constitutive NF-kappaB activity.
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