Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cholecystitis01:20

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The course of hepatitis C viraemia in transfusion recipients prior to availability of antiviral therapy.

Journal of viral hepatitis·2008
Same author

Surveillance of HIV-1 genetic subtypesand diversity in the US blood supply.

Transfusion·2000
Same author

Polymerase chain reaction in detecting hepatitis C virus among blood donors.

Developments in biologicals·2000
Same author

Foundling viruses and transfusion medicine.

Transfusion·1999
Same author

A 32-bp deletion within the CCR5 locus protects against transmission of parenterally acquired human immunodeficiency virus but does not affect progression to AIDS-defining illness.

The Journal of infectious diseases·1998
Same author

Role of viral load in heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by blood transfusion recipients. Transfusion Safety Study Group.

American journal of epidemiology·1997
Same journal

Online Prescribing of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists.

JAMA·2026
Same journal

Using AI Disagreement to Expose Gaps in Coverage Rules.

JAMA·2026
Same journal

Randomized Trials in Pregnancy.

JAMA·2026
Same journal

Randomized Trials in Pregnancy-Reply.

JAMA·2026
Same journal

WHO Issues Guidelines for Treating Ebola and Marburg Viruses.

JAMA·2026
Same journal

FDA Approves Additional Naloxone Nasal Spray for Opioid Overdose.

JAMA·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
11:38

A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress

Published on: March 21, 2014

Hepatitis types B and non-B. Epidemiologic background.

J W Mosley

    JAMA
    |September 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Hepatitis B diagnosis requires specific serologic tests. Viral hepatitis cases without these markers should be classified as unspecifiable, as non-B hepatitis shares similar risk factors with Hepatitis B.

    More Related Videos

    Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice
    11:44

    Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice

    Published on: March 24, 2015

    A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
    05:46

    A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

    Published on: February 14, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

    A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress
    11:38

    A Flow Adhesion Assay to Study Leucocyte Recruitment to Human Hepatic Sinusoidal Endothelium Under Conditions of Shear Stress

    Published on: March 21, 2014

    Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice
    11:44

    Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice

    Published on: March 24, 2015

    A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
    05:46

    A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

    Published on: February 14, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Viral hepatitis presents diagnostic challenges, particularly differentiating between hepatitis B and other viral causes.
    • Epidemiological factors, such as transfusion or self-injection, are associated with various forms of hepatitis.
    • Accurate classification of viral hepatitis is crucial for effective patient management and public health strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the reliability of serological markers for diagnosing hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
    • To evaluate the epidemiological associations of non-B hepatitis compared to confirmed hepatitis B.
    • To establish clear diagnostic criteria for acute viral hepatitis, distinguishing between type B and unspecifiable types.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied 34 patients with two distinct episodes of acute viral hepatitis.
    • Serological tests for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody were used to diagnose type B hepatitis.
    • Episodes lacking serological evidence for hepatitis B were classified as non-B hepatitis.

    Main Results:

    • One episode per patient was confirmed as type B hepatitis via serology.
    • The other episode was classified as non-B hepatitis based on seronegativity for hepatitis B markers.
    • Epidemiological risk factors, including transfusions and self-injection, were equally associated with both serologically confirmed non-B and type B hepatitis episodes.

    Conclusions:

    • Diagnosis of type B hepatitis must rely exclusively on specific serological tests for hepatitis B virus.
    • Viral hepatitis cases lacking specific serological markers for hepatitis B should be labeled as 'viral hepatitis, type unspecifiable'.
    • The study underscores the importance of precise diagnostic methods to avoid misclassification of viral hepatitis.