Direct compression as an appropriately mechanical environment in bone tissue reconstruction in vitro

Determining how to apply an appropriately mechanical environment which can improve the quality and function of bone-like construct in vitro is a required problem to be solved for the current development of bone tissue engineering. A specific mechanical force may be a key determinant of tissue development in vitro in bone tissue engineering. From the standpoint of bionics, the mechanical environments applied on bone tissue engineering should work in three aspects: providing adequately mechanical stimuli to the cells seeded in 3-D scaffold; ensuring the efficient mass-transport of the nutrients and waste products of the cells; promoting the development of functionally extracellular matrix in 3-D scaffold. After the analysis of several differently mechanical environments comparing with that in vivo, the directly dynamical compression environment, instead of hydrostatic pressure or microgravity or direct perfusion, can recreate the in vivo mechanisms of mechanosensation, mechanotransduction and mass-transport during engineered bone-like tissue culturing process in vitro. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the directly dynamic compression will be a specific mechanical environment to bone tissue reconstruction in vitro.