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Human papillomavirus vaccines.

Mia R Schmiedeskamp¹, Denise R Kockler

¹Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, 23298, USA. mschmiedeskamp@mcvh-vcu.edu

The Annals of Pharmacotherapy

|July 20, 2006

Summary

Two human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, are effective in preventing HPV infection and cervical lesions. Further research is needed on long-term protection and optimal vaccination strategies.

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Vaccinology
Oncology

Background:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major cause of cervical cancer.
Two prophylactic HPV vaccines, Cervarix and Gardasil, have been developed.
These vaccines target specific HPV serotypes responsible for a significant proportion of HPV-related diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pharmacology, efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacoeconomics of Cervarix and Gardasil.
To compare the characteristics and clinical outcomes of the two HPV vaccines.

Main Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and bibliographies of relevant articles.
Inclusion criteria comprised published English-language articles and abstracts reporting human studies of HPV vaccines.
Information on ongoing clinical trials was also obtained from manufacturers' websites.

Main Results:

Cervarix targets HPV types 16 and 18, while Gardasil targets HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18.
Both vaccines demonstrated efficacy in preventing persistent HPV infection and cervical intraepithelial lesions.
Gardasil also showed efficacy against vulvar/vaginal neoplasia and genital warts. Both vaccines were well-tolerated, with injection site reactions being the most common adverse effect.

Conclusions:

Cervarix and Gardasil are effective in preventing HPV infection and precancerous cervical lesions.
Key areas for future research include duration of protection, efficacy against cervical cancer, optimal vaccination age, and global applicability.
Further investigation is needed to determine ideal HPV subtype combinations and integrate vaccination with cervical cancer screening programs.

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