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Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Tractable Mammalian Cell Infections with Protozoan-primed Bacteria
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Distribution of 19 major virulence genes in Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates from patients and water in

Bixing Huang1, Zheng Yuan2, Brett A Heron1

  • 1Public Health Microbiology Laboratory, Queensland Health Scientific Services, 39 Kessels Road, Coopers Plains, QLD 4108, Australia.

Journal of Medical Microbiology
|July 20, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Most Legionella pneumophila SG1 isolates contain essential virulence genes. A specific pathogenicity island was more common in environmental water samples than in patient samples, suggesting it aids survival but not necessarily disease causation.

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Applying Live Cell Imaging and Cryo-Electron Tomography to Resolve Spatiotemporal Features of the Legionella pneumophila Dot/Icm Secretion System

Published on: March 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Legionella pneumophila is a significant cause of pneumonia.
  • Understanding the distribution of virulence factors is crucial for assessing infection risk.
  • Serogroup 1 (SG1) is the most common cause of Legionnaires' disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of 19 major virulence genes and plasmids in Legionella pneumophila SG1.
  • To determine the prevalence of a 65 kb pathogenicity island in clinical and environmental isolates.
  • To identify potential molecular markers for predicting the infectious potential of L. pneumophila.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of 141 Legionella pneumophila SG1 isolates from patients and water in Queensland, Australia.
  • Analysis of 19 major virulence genes and plasmid presence.
  • Detection of the 65 kb pathogenicity island using molecular methods.
  • Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping.
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for specific gene detection (lvh, rtxA).

Main Results:

  • 16 of 19 virulence genes were present in all isolates, indicating essential roles.
  • The 65 kb pathogenicity island was significantly more frequent in water isolates (44.2%) than patient isolates (2.7%).
  • Plasmids were not detected in any of the studied isolates.
  • The lvh and rtxA genes were associated with the virulent AF1 genotype but absent in the avirulent AF16 genotype (with one exception).

Conclusions:

  • Most virulence genes in L. pneumophila SG1 are essential for survival.
  • The 65 kb pathogenicity island may enhance environmental survival but is not essential for causing disease.
  • The genes lvh and rtxA show potential as markers for predicting the infectious potential of L. pneumophila isolates.
  • A PCR-based strategy using lvh and rtxA could aid in risk assessment.