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Related Concept Videos

Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement01:21

[3,3] Sigmatropic Rearrangement of 1,5-Dienes: Cope Rearrangement

The Cope rearrangement is classified as a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-dienes, leading to a more stable, isomeric 1,5-diene. The reaction involves a concerted movement of six electrons, four from two π bonds and two from a σ bond, via an energetically favorable chair-like transition state.
Adsorption of Gases on Solids01:28

Adsorption of Gases on Solids

Adsorption is a process where molecules, known as the adsorbates, accumulate on a surface, which is referred to as the adsorbent or substrate. Occurring at the solid-gas interface, this phenomenon is crucial in various scientific and industrial contexts. The reverse of adsorption is desorption.Two types of adsorptions exist: physical (physisorption) and chemical (chemisorption). Physisorption involves gas molecules held to the solid's surface by relatively weak intermolecular van der Waals...
Adsorption Isotherms I01:29

Adsorption Isotherms I

Adsorption isotherms are mathematical models that describe how molecules in a gas or liquid phase interact with surfaces. Two of the most common isotherm models are the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, which relate to Type I monolayer chemisorption. The Langmuir model is based on four key assumptions:• Adsorption cannot exceed monolayer coverage.• All surface sites are equivalent.• Molecules adsorb only at vacant sites.• There are no interactions between adsorbed molecules.Consider the...
Adsorption Isotherms II01:25

Adsorption Isotherms II

Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) introduced a theory in 1938 that modified Langmuir's assumptions to explain multilayer physical adsorption. This theory is applicable to Type II isotherms and provides a more realistic picture of adsorption processes. The BET theory assumes a uniform solid surface with localized adsorption sites, where adsorption at one site doesn't affect adsorption at neighboring sites. This theory also allows for the possibility of additional molecules being adsorbed on top...

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In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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Adsorbate-geometry specific subsurface relaxation in the CO/Pt(111) system.

J X Wang, I K Robinson, B M Ocko

    The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B
    |July 21, 2006
    PubMed
    Summary

    Surface X-ray scattering reveals significant substrate relaxation in a carbon monoxide (CO) adlayer on platinum (Pt)(111). Platinum atoms expand differently based on CO binding site, influencing the bulk material.

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    Area of Science:

    • Surface science
    • Materials science
    • Physical chemistry

    Background:

    • Investigating the (square root 19 x square root 19)-13CO adlayer phase on a Pt(111) electrode.
    • Utilizing surface X-ray scattering to probe substrate behavior.

    Discussion:

    • Observed a dramatic multilayer substrate relaxation.
    • Quantified vertical expansion of Pt atoms: 0.28 Å under near-top-site CO and 0.04 Å under near-bridge-site CO.
    • Identified lateral displacements and small rotations towards more symmetric bonding.

    Key Insights:

    • Nonuniform layer expansion extends into the bulk with a decay length of 1.8 Pt layers.
    • This relaxation is attributed to differential stress induced by CO adsorption at distinct sites.
    • Demonstrates a novel phenomenon of site-dependent stress transfer from adlayer to substrate.

    Outlook:

    • Further studies could explore other adlayer/substrate systems to understand the generality of this relaxation mechanism.
    • Potential implications for catalysis and surface engineering where adsorbate-induced stress is critical.