Kinetic study of the quenching reaction of singlet oxygen by flavonoids in ethanol solution

The quenching rate of singlet oxygen (1O2) by seven kinds of flavonoids (flavone, flavonol, chrysin, apigenin, rutin, quercetin, and myricetin) with 2,3-double bonds has been measured spectrophotometrically in ethanol at 35 degrees C. The overall rate constants kQ (= kq + kr, physical quenching + chemical reaction) increased as the number of OH groups substituted to the flavone skeleton (that is, the total electron-donating capacity of flavonoids) increases. The existence of catechol or pyrogallol structure in the B-ring is essential for the 1O2 quenching of flavonoids. Log kQ was found to correlate with their peak oxidation potentials, E(P); the flavonoids that have smaller E(P) values show higher reactivities. Similarly, log kQ values of flavonoids correlate with the energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E(HOMO)), calculated by the PM3 MO method, and the longest wavelength pi pi* excitation energy (E(ex)). The contribution of the chemical reaction (kr) was found to be negligible in these flavonoids. The kQ values of rutin, quercetin, and myricetin [(1.21 approximately 5.12) x 10(8) M(-1) s(-1)] were found to be larger than those of lipids [(0.9 approximately 6.4) x 10(4) M(-1) s(-1)], amino acids (<3.7 x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1)), and DNA (5.1 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1)). The result suggests that these flavonoids may contribute to the protection of oxidative damage in foods and plants, by quenching 1O2.