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Related Experiment Videos

Oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes.

T A Lehman1, R Reddel, A M Peiifer

  • 1Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Environmental Health Perspectives
|June 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Oncogenes like v-Ha-ras and Ki-ras can cause lung cancer when introduced into cells. Tumor suppressor genes, such as p53, are crucial for preventing lung carcinoma development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Oncogenes play a role in human lung carcinogenesis.
  • Identifying tumor-suppressor genes is crucial for understanding and treating lung carcinomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the functional role of oncogenes in lung cancer development.
  • Define negative growth-regulating genes with tumor-suppressive effects in human lung carcinomas.

Main Methods:

  • Transfection of activated oncogenes (v-Ha-ras, Ki-ras, myc, raf) into bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B).
  • Loss of heterozygosity studies on chromosome 17p.
  • Monochromosome-cell and cell-cell fusion studies.
  • Investigating the role of p53 and Rb-1 tumor-suppressor genes.

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Main Results:

  • Transfection of v-Ha-ras, Ki-ras, or myc/raf combination induced tumorigenicity in BEAS-2B cells.
  • Transfection of raf or myc alone did not produce tumorigenic cell lines.
  • Consistent allelic DNA deletions on chromosome 17p were observed in squamous cell carcinomas.
  • Mutations in the p53 tumor-suppressor gene were detected.
  • Hybrid cell clones from fusions were generally nontumorigenic.

Conclusions:

  • Specific oncogenes can induce tumorigenicity in bronchial epithelial cells.
  • Chromosome 17p alterations and p53 mutations are implicated in squamous cell carcinoma development.
  • Tumor-suppressor genes likely play a critical role in inhibiting lung carcinogenesis.