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Related Experiment Videos

Surveillance methodology for Vibrio cholerae in environmental samples.

Akhilesh K Tamrakar1, Ajay K Goel, Dev V Kamboj

  • 1Biotechnology Division, Defence Research & Development Establishment, Gwalior, India.

International Journal of Environmental Health Research
|July 21, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Biochemical tests can screen for Vibrio cholerae in water, but no single test is fully specific. Toxigenic strains are rare in environmental water and sewer samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Vibrio cholerae is a bacterium that causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease.
  • Accurate detection of V. cholerae in environmental samples is crucial for public health surveillance.
  • Traditional biochemical tests have limitations in specificity and sensitivity for V. cholerae identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the prevalence of Vibrio cholerae in environmental water and sewer samples.
  • To assess the accuracy of various biochemical tests for identifying V. cholerae.
  • To determine the occurrence of toxigenic V. cholerae strains in the environment.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of V. cholerae-like bacteria from TCBS agar after enrichment in alkaline peptone water.

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  • Confirmation using oxidase test, seven biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ompW gene.
  • Detection of cholera toxin genes (ctxAB) and agglutination with V. cholerae O1 antiserum.

    • Main Results:

    • Out of 223 isolates, only 74.2% were confirmed as V. cholerae by PCR.
    • Only 2 isolates were positive for the ctxAB gene, indicating toxigenicity.
    • Arginine hydrolysis, arabinose fermentation, and string test showed high sensitivity (92-100%) but variable specificity (42-67%).
    • Most environmental isolates were non-O1/non-O139 serogroups.

    Conclusions:

    • No single biochemical test is 100% specific for V. cholerae identification.
    • A sequential approach using specific biochemical tests after enrichment can aid in screening environmental samples.
    • Toxigenic V. cholerae strains are rarely found in the studied environmental water and sewer samples.