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Hominoid dietary evolution.

P Andrews1, L Martin

  • 1Natural History Museum, London, U.K.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|November 29, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Early hominoids shifted to harder foods and open habitats, influencing locomotion and brain size. Earliest hominids likely shared foraging strategies and tool use with ancestral apes and chimpanzees.

Area of Science:

  • Paleontology
  • Primate Evolution
  • Anthropology

Background:

  • Catarrhine primates and hominoids in the early Palaeocene and Miocene were adapted to soft frugivorous diets.
  • Middle Miocene hominoids exhibited significant morphological and habitat shifts, including thickened molar enamel, enlarged incisors, and massive jaws.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze dietary shifts and evolutionary pressures in early hominoids and hominids.
  • To compare the foraging strategies and behaviors of early hominids with their ape ancestors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of dental and mandibular morphology in fossil primates.
  • Interpretation of dietary adaptations based on morphological evidence.
  • Comparison of postcranial adaptations and inferred behaviors.

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Main Results:

  • Middle Miocene hominoids adapted to harder frugivorous diets in more open habitats.
  • These environmental changes exerted evolutionary pressures on locomotion, brain size, and social behavior.
  • Earliest hominid fossils showed minimal differences from middle Miocene apes in dental and mandibular morphology, suggesting similar diets and foraging strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Early hominids likely retained ape-like foraging strategies and arboreal adaptations.
  • Behavioral similarities, including tool use, may have existed between the common ancestor of apes and humans and early hominids.