Somatostatin and octreotide in gastroenterology

Somatostatin and octreotide have a definitive role in the management of symptomatic gut neuroendocrine tumours, particularly VIPomas and carcinoid. They probably also have a role in variceal bleeding, but this needs further confirmatory randomized trials. At present there is a potential role in the management of short bowel syndrome, dumping syndrome and gastrointestinal fistulae, but randomized clinical studies are needed. Possibly there is a role in AIDS-related diarrhoea and 'idiopathic' secretory diarrhoea, but more evidence is required. They have no role in acute pancreatitis and peptic ulcer bleeding. Irritable bowel syndrome remains unexplored but unlikely to benefit.