Emergency endovascular stent-graft treatment for acute thoracic aortic syndromes

We report the results of our ongoing experience of urgent and emergency stent-graft implantation in acute thoracic aortic syndromes.

In the last 5-years, 19 patients were treated for acute thoracic aortic syndromes. Traumatic rupture was diagnosed in 7 patients, complicated acute type B dissection was present in 5 patients, penetrating ulcer in 4, and symptomatic thoracic aortic aneurysm in 3 patients. There were 17 male patients with a mean age of 54 +/-26 years (range 18-87 ; median 63). Patients were treated in the theatre suite under general anesthesia. Stent-graft placement was technically successful in all patients. The early postoperative mortality was 10.5 %. Neurological events or upper arm ischemia due to overstenting of the left subclavian artery were not observed. Average intensive care unit and hospital stay were 18 and 21 days, respectively. Major complications occurred in 6 patients. Follow-up ranged between 3 and 60 months (mean 25) and included clinical examinations and serial CT-angiography at 1, 4 and 12 months, and every year thereafter. Only one type II endoleak was detected and treated by coil embolization of the left subclavian artery.

Our experience suggests emergency stent-graft repair in patients with acute thoracic aortic syndromes is a less-invasive attractive alternative, showing encouraging early and mid-term results.