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Paediatric x-ray examinations in Rio de Janeiro.

A C P Azevedo1, O A Osibote, M C B Boechat

  • 1FIOCRUZ-Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sérgio Arouca-CESTEH, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões 1480, Manguinhos, 21041-210, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. acpa@ensp.fiocruz.br

Physics in Medicine and Biology
|July 25, 2006
PubMed
Summary

Paediatric patients in Brazil exhibit wide variations in radiation doses during X-ray examinations. Some entrance surface doses (ESD) exceed reference levels, indicating inconsistent application of the ALARA principle and raising public health concerns.

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Estimation of adult patient doses for common diagnostic X-ray examinations in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Physica medica : PM : an international journal devoted to the applications of physics to medicine and biology : official journal of the Italian Association of Biomedical Physics (AIFB)·2008

Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiological Protection
  • Pediatric Imaging

Background:

  • Radiological procedures are common in pediatric care.
  • Assessing radiation dose in children is crucial due to their radiosensitivity.
  • Previous studies indicated dose variability in Brazil.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate entrance surface dose (ESD) and effective dose (ED) in pediatric patients.
  • To analyze dose variations across different age groups and radiographic projections.
  • To assess adherence to radiation protection principles in Brazilian hospitals.

Main Methods:

  • Dose survey conducted in two major pediatric public hospitals in Rio de Janeiro.
  • ESD and ED calculated for chest, skull, abdomen, lumbar spine, cervical spine, and pelvis.

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  • Four pediatric age groups (0-1, 1-5, 5-10, 10-15 years) were studied.
  • DoseCal software utilized for dose calculations.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant variations in ESD and ED were observed for identical examinations and projections.
    • Some recorded ESD values surpassed established reference levels, leading to elevated ED.
    • The wide range of doses highlights disparities in radiographic techniques used.

    Conclusions:

    • Preliminary findings suggest considerable variability in pediatric radiation doses in Brazil.
    • Disparities in techniques indicate the ALARA principle is not consistently applied.
    • The findings raise public health concerns regarding radiation exposure in pediatric patients.