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Excitotoxicity in the embryonic chick spinal cord
G R Stewart1, J W Olney, M Pathikonda
1Laboratory of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, NIH Animal Center, Poolesville, MD 20837.
Annals of Neurology
|December 1, 1991
Summary
Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) can damage spinal cord neurons. This study shows that blocking excitatory amino acid receptors with antagonists effectively protects spinal neurons from excitotoxic damage.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Neurotoxicology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Excitatory amino acids (EAAs) are implicated in spinal cord neurological disorders.
- Understanding the excitotoxic effects of EAAs on spinal neurons is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the sensitivity of chick embryo spinal neurons to excitotoxic effects of EAA agonists.
- To evaluate the efficacy of EAA antagonists in preventing excitotoxicity in the spinal cord.
Main Methods:
- Utilized an in vitro chick embryo spinal cord model.
- Tested specific EAA agonists (NMDA, Quis, KA) and plant-derived excitotoxins.
- Administered EAA receptor antagonists (MK-801, CNQX) to assess protective effects.
Main Results:
- All tested EAA agonists induced concentration-dependent neuronal degeneration throughout the spinal cord.
- Observed characteristic cytopathological changes, including edematous degeneration and dark cell changes.
- NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 blocked NMDA toxicity; CNQX blocked Quis and KA toxicity.
Conclusions:
- Spinal neurons possess EAA receptors, rendering them vulnerable to excitotoxic agents.
- EAA antagonists demonstrate effectiveness in preventing excitotoxin-induced spinal cord damage.