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A prospective study on radiation-induced changes in hearing function.

Franziska Herrmann1, Wolfgang Dörr, Rainer Müller

  • 1Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, University of Technology-Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
|July 26, 2006
PubMed
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Radiotherapy for head-and-neck tumors can cause irreversible hearing loss, particularly affecting high and low frequencies. Hearing function changes begin during treatment and persist post-radiotherapy.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Head-and-neck tumors require radiotherapy, a treatment that can impact adjacent organs.
  • Hearing function is a critical aspect of quality of life potentially affected by radiation therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify changes in hearing function in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head-and-neck tumors.
  • To establish dose-effect relationships for radiation-induced hearing impairment.

Main Methods:

  • Audiometry, including threshold measurements, Weber and Rinne tests, tympanometry, and stapedius reflex assessment, was performed on 32 patients.
  • Patients received radiotherapy with total tumor doses ranging from 30.0-77.6 Gy, and inner ear doses from 1.7-64.3 Gy.
  • Hearing assessments were conducted before, during, and up to 6 months after radiotherapy.

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Main Results:

  • Hearing ability was significantly reduced for high frequencies at 40 Gy and low frequencies at the end of radiotherapy.
  • These hearing threshold changes persisted 2-6 months post-radiotherapy.
  • An estimated 50% incidence of significant hearing threshold changes (15 dB) occurred at doses between 20-25 Gy.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation therapy for head-and-neck tumors causes significant, irreversible changes in hearing threshold audiometry.
  • Hearing function impairment begins during radiotherapy and does not show reversibility within 6 months post-treatment.