Three-field lymph node dissection in the treatment of thoracic esophageal carcinoma: the Turkish experience

The role of extended lymphatic dissection on the prognosis and outcome of thoracic esophageal carcinoma is still controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of three-field lymphatic dissection on the survival and recurrence rates of patients with thoracic carcinoma of the esophagus. Forty-six patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus underwent esophagectomy with three-field lymphatic dissection between 1992 and 2003. Recurrence and survival rates were examined as well as complications. Overall survival for the patients was 45.6 months and 5-year survival rate was 56%. Five-year survival rates for patients with Stage 2A, 2B, 3 and 4 were 68%, 0%, 53% and 33%, respectively. There was no Stage 1 patient. Mean disease-free survival was 41.4 months. Sixty three percent of patients had node-negative disease (5-year survival rate, 68.9%) and 37% had nodal metastases (5-year survival rate, 33.7%) (P = 0.002). Surgical morbidity was seen in 35 patients (76.1%). Conclusively, lymph node involvement in patients with thoracic esophageal carcinoma is the major determinant of prognosis and survival. Extended lymphatic dissection provides higher disease-free and overall survival rates and our study revealed the highest survival rate for thoracic esophageal carcinoma, to best of our knowledge.