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Breeding system variation, genetics and evolution in the Turneraceae.

Joel S Shore¹, Maria M Arbo, Aveliano Fernández

¹Department of Biology, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. shore@yorku.ca

The New Phytologist

|July 27, 2006

Summary

The Turneraceae family primarily features distyly, a breeding system controlled by a single gene locus. Researchers are mapping this locus to understand the genetic basis of distyly and its evolution.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Plant genetics
Reproductive biology

Background:

The Turneraceae family exhibits diverse breeding systems, with distyly prevalent in many species.
Polyploidy is a significant evolutionary force in Turnera, with approximately 60% of species being polyploid.
The genetic control of distyly is understood to involve a one-locus, two-allele system.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the genetics and evolution of breeding systems within the Turneraceae family.
To investigate the genetic architecture and molecular basis of distyly in Turnera.
To explore the potential role of a "Primula-type" supergene in distyly.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on Turneraceae genetics and breeding systems.

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Analysis of genetic crosses to understand inheritance patterns of distyly.

Construction of a fine-scale genetic map of Turnera, identifying markers near the distyly locus.

Main Results:

Distyly is found in 81% of Turneraceae species across seven genera; remaining species are homostylous.
No clear relationship exists between breeding system and the high prevalence of polyploidy (up to decaploid).
Genetic markers have been identified within 0.2 cm of the distyly locus, facilitating positional cloning efforts.

Conclusions:

Distyly genetics in Turneraceae is complex, potentially involving a supergene, and is being actively investigated.
Positional cloning of the distyly locus is a key next step to elucidate its genetic architecture and molecular underpinnings.
Understanding the molecular basis of distyly will provide insights into plant reproductive evolution.