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Updated: Aug 6, 2026

Isolation, Transfection, and Culture of Primary Human Monocytes
Published on: December 16, 2019
Transforming growth factor beta and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 are elevated in cerebrospinal fluid of
M D Johnson1, P Kim, W Tourtellotte
1University of Tennessee Medical Center, 1924 Alcoa Highway, Knoxville, TN 37920, and the Nashville Veterans Administration Medical Center, 37232, USA.
Abstract:
Monocyte infiltration of the brain is central to the pathogenesis of HIV-1 encephalitis. The cytokines promoting recruitment of monocytes into the central nervous system during HIV-1 infection are not established. In this study, we evaluated human cerebrospinal fluid from patients with HIV-1 infection for transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) using a quantitative sandwich enzyme-linked immunoassays. Cytokine levels were compared to those from patients with multiple sclerosis and normal controls. In cerebrospinal fluid of patients with HIV-1 infection and CD4<500 cells/mm3, both TGFbeta1 and MCP-1 were significantly elevated compared to those with CD4>500 cells/mm3, multiple sclerosis, and controls.
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