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Updated: Aug 8, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Reconstruction of the upper lip and philtrum
L Tirone1, F Moscatiello, G Molea
1Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
Abstract:
The procedure used to repair upper lip defects depends on various factors: size and location of the defect, the conditions of neighbouring tissues, and the aetiology of the deformity. A single-stage procedure rarely gives a satisfactory cosmetic outcome in patients who have also lost the philtrum or a philtral crease. Here, we describe a single-step procedure for the reconstruction of the upper lip and philtrum that resulted in a good aesthetic appearance.

